Applying Standardized Terminology in Nursing Essay

Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 512: Nursing Informatics Fall 2014 Introduction As a result of the introduction of computer technology and the combination of evidence-based practice in nursing; standardization of terminologies has become imperative in the classification of nursing diagnosis, interventions and expected outcomes. The most popular and successful systems are the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) (de Lima Lopes, de Barros, Marlene Michel, 2009). This paper aims to provide a brief outline of these standardized terminologies (STs) as they relate to a†¦show more content†¦Nurses should take care to select the proper outcomes to ensure optimum care is provided to patients with CHF. The plan of care is dependent on the nursing diagnosis and the desired nurse-sensitive outcomes. The priority NOC outcome for the diagnosis of CHF is Fluid Balance and Fluid Overload Severity. Other related NOC outcomes are Knowledge: Cardiac Disea se Management, Knowledge: Energy conservation, Knowledge: Medication, Knowledge: Prescribed Activity, Knowledge: Treatment, and Knowledge: Weight Management (Johnson et al., 2012). These are only a select few of the multiple outcomes available; care should be modified as the disease progresses through the problems which evolves over the lifetime of patients diagnoses with CHF. Once all these determinants are established, the nurse will be prepared to determine which level of NOC is essential to effectively manage the disease. Nursing Intervention Classification Nursing interventions are focused on nursing behaviors to guide the patient in the direction of the most preferred outcome (Johnson et al., 2012). Fluid management, fluid/electrolyte management, and hypervolemia management are the major interventions in effective management of CHF. Fluid management is the most difficult intervention for all patients suffering from CHF. Evaluation of the patient’s ability to make the appropriate lifestyle changes required toShow MoreRelatedapplying standardized terminologies to practice Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 512: Nursing Informatics Summer 2014 Introduction The health industry is in the process of adopting evidence based interventions. This has lead to the standardization on the mode of communication in the classification of diagnosis, applied interventions and the expected outcomes. In this standardization process, the NANDA, NIC, and NOC elements are the most commonly usedRead MoreThe Impact Of A Merged Healthcare Organization Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pageswho are given access to the central data repository center are those individuals who are allowed to carry such operations are no intruders access these systems (Lazakidou, 2016). The other technology applied in the healthcare sector is that of applying the connected medical devices. These devices have been applied in making sure that patient information is picked up and automatically transmitted to other connected computers for analysis and easy treatment (Desourdis, 2009). The devices usuallyRead MoreApplying Standardized Terminologies : Caring For The Breast Cancer Patient1552 Words   |  7 PagesApplying Standardized Terminologies: Caring for the Breast Cancer Patient Throughout this paper the identification and application of standardized terminologies such as: The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) to identify the applicable diagnosis; Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to construct a care-plan with diagnosis specific interventions; and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to evaluate the outcomes. This will be applied to a clinical patient scenario ofRead MoreApplying Standardized Codes Of Practice987 Words   |  4 PagesApplying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Many patients admitted to the stroke and orthopedic rehabilitation unit have impaired physical mobility. The length of time in rehabilitation is ten to fourteen days. Many times nurses, patients and family members form bonds that last long after the discharge. I recently had the opportunity to take care of a patient I will never forget. Mrs. C was admitted to the rehabilitation unit following recent hip surgery. She is eighty years old and had fallenRead MoreNursing1705 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Conceptual frameworks of nursing model have provided the professional nurse a foundation for the development of individual practice. I have chosen an individual at my current placement to base the care plan on. The patient is a 45 year male who has been in and out of the ward for severe anxiety issues and my job is to build a therapeutic relationship so she can become more comfortable with herself and this would lead to an end result of socializing with others. In this assignment IRead MoreThe History of Healthcare Informatics2652 Words   |  11 PagesThe History Behind Nursing Informatics Jackie Bailey Colorado Christian University Prof. L. Rieg CIS312A: Final Paper September 26, 2012 The History Behind Nursing Informatics Nursing informatics (NI) has become a vital part of healthcare delivery and has become a defining factor in the selection, execution, and assessment of technology that supports safe, exceptional quality and patient-centered care. Nursing has become so uniform. The data in patient records has become a valuableRead MoreCross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Assessment Measures7333 Words   |  30 Pages1. Introduction and background A College of Nursing has expressed an interest in using Psychological Assessment as a tool to assist in the selection of prospective students. As much as there is a keen interest in improving the selection process by using psychological measures, there is however some degree of reservation amongst staff about the value of psychological measures in a multicultural context. From the beginning of time a need existed for assessment, albeit it to choose soldiers forRead MoreImportance of English Communication Proficiency7628 Words   |  31 Pagescountries, it is the language most often taught as a second language. English is most widely used in communicating around the world. The information that the researchers gathered about communication and English made them realized that the two terminologies must be always together. Good communication creates a good ambience and relationship between everyone in every organization most especially if it is inside a business while English is now required in every company; as according to Ms. Bambina BuenaventuraRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesContents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................vii Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 Terminology ........................................................................................................................................................................................1 A Roadmap to the Future ..................................Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesBeneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities Subtitle C—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections TITLE V—MEDICARE GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION TITLE VI—PROGRAM INTEGRITY †¢HR 3962

The Right And Choice Of Abortion - 1640 Words

Yonathan D Nieto Villegas Mr. Fons English 2B May 19, 2017 The Right to Life or Choice The decision to end the life of someone without their own consent has caused great disruption among Americans. Before the civil rights movement, Americans idealized the idea that abortion was ultimately prohibited due to the fact that religion predominated the beliefs of the people. Now in a rapid changing-liberal society, people are questioning if prohibiting a woman from aborting is denying her inalienable right of freedom as listed under the First Amendment. The right to abortion should be left in the hands of a woman’s personal decision rather than being obligated to live with the results of something she never wanted. Abortion is the deliberate†¦show more content†¦The interpretation of this verse gives the proof that life begins even before the site of conception. Therefore, the religions use this claim to enforce the fact that an abortion on whatever circumstance is the killing of a human being. For instance, the Muslim faith has stated, Muslims regard abortion as wrong and forbidden(BBC) . These views of the Muslim religion relate to the central idea that the killing of a organism at any given time during the pregnancy is unethical and forbidden. In essence, the idea of abortion has predominated as a wrongful sin according to religion and science. On the other hand, there are people who suggest that the idea to be obligated to have a child is a form of inhumanity in itself, as it robs the person of an unalienable right, the right to choose. In the tragic testimony given by Lorna, she presents to the world her story on how live changing the ability to abort can be. This testimony was p resented by the National Abortion Federation. Lorna is a mother of three with a number of health issues, including Lupus, a tumor on her upper intestines, and two uterine abrasions. When Lorna found out she was pregnant, she knew immediately that carrying another pregnancy to term was not an option for her. She had hemorrhaged while giving birth toShow MoreRelatedIs Abortion Not The Right Choice?856 Words   |  4 PagesOver one hundred potential complications have been associated with induced abortion. â€Å"Minor† complications include: minor infections, bleeding, fevers, chronic abdominal pain, gastro-intestinal disturbances, vomiting, and Rh sensitization. The nine most common â€Å"major† complications which are infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxic shock Many women believe this is the only wayRead MoreAbortion Is The Right Choice1319 Words   |  6 Pages ABORTION RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ABSTRACT Abortion is one of the most controversial issue worldwide. According to anti-abortionist people, there are people who tend to make â€Å"bad choices† look good when trying to decide what would be the best decision to an unwanted pregnancy. Both the Pro-Abortion and Pro-Life are being discussed from two different perspectives towards abortion. Anti-Abortionist people disagree with abortion due to their own beliefs. On the other hand, people believe womenRead MoreIs Abortion The Right Choice?2356 Words   |  10 PagesIs abortion the right choice? What is life to you? Is it being alive or not even having the chance to be alive? The simple word abortion sets off so many numerous sparks. Some of these sparks cause serious problems. Whether a person agrees or does not agree with it, there will always be problems with that word. Only a certain amount of states protect abortions. Whether or not the state protects the law about abortion, a woman will have major and minor effects after having an abortion. AbortionRead MoreAbortion : Which Choice Is The Right Choice? Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion: Which Choice is the Right Choice? Abortion – the deliberate termination of a pregnancy, most often performed within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy – has become a widespread and controversial subject, especially within the United States recently. This particular scenario most commonly takes place due to social, religious and economic factors. Abortion also carriages a moral, social, and medical dilemma that face many, which goes on to create an emotional and violent atmosphere for allRead MoreEssay about Pro-Choice Supports the Womans Right to Abortion699 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion One of the biggest controversies of all time has been abortion; countless people consider it sinful and even believe it to be murder. The definition of abortion is; â€Å" the premature termination of pregnancy by spontaneous or induced expulsion of a nonviable fetus from the uterus.†(Dictionary.com). These pro-life believers (against open access to abortion) do not support the idea of encouraged abortion and aim for it to be illegal. Many of these supporters do not know that if abortion wereRead MoreAbortion : A Woman s Choice1572 Words   |  7 PagesCelina Valvano Mr. Cukierski CPW 4U 12 November 2014 Abortion: A Woman’s Choice Abortion is an ongoing issue that many woman face today in society. Statistics show that one out of ten women aged from fifteen to nineteen gets pregnant each year and five out of six of these pregnancies are unintended (Lunneborg 1992). There is a constant struggle between whether to keep the child or to abort it. Some people believe that abortion is their only choice or their only way out of a difficult and challengingRead MoreShould Abortion Be A Pro Choice?954 Words   |  4 PagesPro-choice believers support the idea that women have the choice to do what they want with their bodies. In the article, â€Å"Yes, I’m Pro-Abortion,† Lauren Rankin asserts that being Pro-Choice means accepting abortion as one of the choices women have the right to make. Rankin says that abortion is not available for all women, especially a woman of color and low-income woman. The author also mentions that it sidelines abortion and delegitimizes the valid choice. I agree that if one ch ooses to be Pro-ChoiceRead MorePro Choice Vs. Abortion1426 Words   |  6 Pages Pro-Choice is an opposing position against the pro-life that completely and clearly advocates that every women in the world has equal rights of having abortion and there will no legal or religious restriction against electing an abortion in routine life. Many of social religious, civil and national federations raised a slogan against abortion and in the support of this opposition all of these communities and people also run Pro-life movement, United States. This movement opposes Pro-choice and manyRead More Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: No Correct Answer Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth; it causes the termination of the embryo or fetus inside the women. There are two different types of abortion, a spontaneous abortion, which is also known as a miscarriage, and an induced abortion, where the embryo or fetus is purposely removed from the women’s body. The topic of induced abortion has been widely debated for hundreds of years. The issue of abortion was argued way back in the time of the ancient Hebrews. In the United States itRead MoreLegal Abortion: Arguments Pro and Con.984 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Abortion: Arguments Pro and Con. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the world nowadays. Currently, abortion is legal in America, and many people believe that it should remain legal. These people, pro-choice activists, say that it is the womens right whether or not to have a child. However, there are many groups who are lobbying the Congress to pass laws that would make abortion illegal. These people are called the pro-life activists. Both pro-life and pro-choice activists

Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods. Answer: Introduction: In recent time, the number of birth per woman in Singapore has declined from 5.8 to 1.2. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has been decreasing since 1988 and the last year was the lowest point. The topic of this study has been selected as the explanatory factors behind the declining TFR in order to formulate policies and programmes to raise Singapore's TFR. It has been noticed that Singapore has been experiencing a lower rate of growth in population mainly the reason behind this low birth rate. The causes of lower birth rate are various: In recent economic condition, the people are marrying in later life and they are having a child in the later stage of their lives. The reasons behind this probably the women are now focusing more on career and they are now receiving degrees. Women cannot have babies in the later age of their lives as the biological issues. Moreover, in Singapore, people love to stay single and there are fewer families. Hence, the birth rate has been falling, as a result of this, young people in the Singapore population decreases. Women are no willing to settle down early in life and they prefer more income and educational status. In recent time, the habit of smaller families has been the preferences for the young couple and the reason behind this is the increasing number of working women in Singapore. As stated by Cheung (2010), women find it difficult to maintain the work-life balance, hence they choose fewer children. Age Group (women in Singapore) Year 2000 Year 2010 25-29 46% 62% 30-34 22% 31% 35-39 16% 20% Table 1: Singlehood Indicators of Women (Source: Straughan, 2013) Moreover, the cost of living is increasing in Singapore; therefore, the responsibility to raise a child is getting optional for a married couple. Housing price and land value are increasing in Singapore that makes costly to have family and children for a couple. The Recent lifestyle of the working women who do not follow healthy lifestyle and tend to smoke and alcoholic in early life faces issue in the rear and giving birth to children. In nowadays, birth control is easy for a woman and economic affluence is needed. Such values and trends have led to some couple to have no children at all. Consequences of low fertility rate in Singapore It has been observed that dual-income in the family is increasing and pricey city-state with lack of time for the family lead to the lower fertility rate for the women. The Singapore government provides four months of maternity leaves and the government provides the second week of paternity leave as well. Not only in Singapore but also other parts of Asian countries also face this, Japan and South Korea are major examples of this. Medical care and retirement incomes are largely financed by the taxes of young people in rich countries like Singapore. Low rates of birth can lead to fewer women and men of young working ages, therefore a small tax base will be formed to finance social security (Straughan, 2013). Moreover, lower fertility rate can decrease the rate of scientific experiments and innovations as the innovation comes up from the brain of young people. The young population are more adaptable and in starting a new business, it requires a more young generation. In the workplace, the number of young generation will be shrinking and this may result that each of the young population needs to pay more taxes in order to increase fund in projects (Jones, 2007). Singapore Government is trying to encourage the people to get married and have children. In Singapore, the Government is paying $18,000 for the couple who are having five or more children (Nargund, 2009). Government is trying to provide an extra rebate in taxes for those women who have children in their young ages. Government is planning to set up new child care centres in order to look after newborn babies while the parents will be at work. Singapore Urban Redevelopment authority put a limit on selling the single-bedroom flat in order to put a curb on singlehood. Moreover, the women need to make a healthy lifestyle and raising awareness in family and community can help to manage the situation. An open and regular discussion on community and in media is needed to manage the alarming situation. Government funding is necessary and womens perception in this scenario is vital. Research objectives To identify the reasons behind low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore To explore the consequences of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore To recognise the generalise factors to manage a low rate of population growth in Singapore To formulate policies and programmes to raise Singapore's Total Fertility Rate What are the explanatory factors behind low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore? What are the consequences of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore? What are the factors to manage a low rate of population growth in Singapore? What would be the policies and programmes in order to raise Singapores low Total Fertility Rate? Qualitative Research Design Qualitative research design is based on mainly social constructivism perspective. In qualitative research, the research questions are based on research problems (Clemence, Doise Lorenzi-Cioldi, 2014). The benefits of the qualitative research design are that it can be done with small sample size. The data collection procedure can be done through observational and through the interview. Interpretation of the data can be done through a combination of the perspective of the researcher and collected data. In this research, I would be doing the research through qualitative research design and the main focus of qualitative research would be an inference based on respondents' perspectives. I would spend times of preparing research questions and these would be designed to collect participants' perspectives of opinions, data and experiences. I would do field research in order to collect the data for qualitative research. The field research site can be defined as a socially defined sphere that has fluid physical boundaries. In order to select a research site, some of the important factors are unfamiliarity, suitability and complexity (Eisenhardt, Graebner Sonenshein, 2014). The research site can encompass various social activities and relations that can stimulate data. Moreover, in this research, I will choose an unfamiliar site that would allow me to discern cultural events along with societal relations. I will also consider some factors like physical access and personal characteristics in this site. I will choose a fertility centre in Singapore, Scotts Road, Virtus Fertility Centre. In this fertility centre, I would like to research about reasons behind low Total Fertility Rate. In a fertility centre, I may have some new perspectives of the low birth rate in Singapore from doctors and from some visitors. In addition, I have a deal with a gatekeeper who has the official role to control the access of field research site. I would take a consent letter from the managerial body of this fertility clinic and negotiate the gatekeeper in order to conduct the qualitative research. Moreover, my role in the research would be two types, role of a field researcher and a social within the site. In the research site, I would like to adjust and adapt that would help me to monitor and behaviour and attitudes of the informants. In order to conduct the research, I would like to make some close relationships with some informants who can inform me on the field site. I will be interviewing some contrasting types of informants in order to collect the data. I will be interviewing 4 physicians in this clinic about the reasons and consequences of low Total Fertility Rate. Physicians have immense knowledge about fertility and the recent trend of women in having children. Physicians can provide various viewpoints and interesting yet conflicting knowledge. In this research, I will choose physicians as informants who are totally familiar with the ideas of Total Fertility Rate and the chosen physicians will not be a novice, however, they will have intimate experiences in the research site characterises. Data collection process and strategies I would choose to this research, phenomenological qualitative research design as this particular research refers to an experience towards an understanding of the research. The phenomenological study is the combination of research method, documents understanding and interviewing with visiting the sites (Flick, 2015). The participants are examined in this research and phenomenological study needs to develop in conducting a lot of interviews. In order to collect the data for this study, I will conduct in-depth interviews to four physicians. I will prepare 8 open-ended questions about reasons of low Total Fertility Rate and its impact on the nation and population. The questions will be mainly structural and the questions will cover activities, issues, relations of fertility rate. These interviews will be face-to-face and I would show interest in responses of the informants and encourage them to elaborate their responses. I would like to inform them about the interviews and ask them to ta ke out sometimes. The interviews will be a conversation and the informants will provide their description. The in-depth interview will be happening one-to-one basis and members can share their feelings, experiences and insights. Data analysis technique in qualitative research will be thematic analysis as I will try to break the data as codes based on inferential and descriptive. Coding and concept formation are the method through which the researcher systematically conceptualises the data into categories that are based on the abstract derived from the data (Mackey Gass, 2015). I will segregate the data findings from both literatures and from the interviews and scatter them as codes. This themes or codes can be developed from new concepts and examine the relationship among the codes. I will mainly use open coding in the preliminary categories in order to recognise data pattern. I will pen down some of the basic coding words from the interviews and open coding may extend to the analytic notes. Quantitative method emphasises mostly on objective measurements and numerical analysis can be done in quantitative research design. Quantitative research mainly focuses on collecting numerical data. Moreover, I would mainly follow the descriptive type study as descriptive study mainly aims at observations. Moreover, as stated by Neuman Robson (2014), the descriptive study can establish relations between variables. In this quantitative analysis, I will collect the numerical data from the respondents conducting the valid survey. In order to conduct the survey, I will prepare 15 close-ended multiple choice type questions. Therefore, the instrument of quantitative research design is a questionnaire. This questionnaire will contain two types of questions, first, one will be based on a demographic understanding of the respondents and the second one will be based on the subjective questions of low birth rating in Singapore. This questionnaire will be emailed to the respondents. The respond ents need to respond to all 15 questions. The respondents will be given 15 days in order to provide their responses. Quantitative research usually collects data from the large sample and these people are the representative of the population. Moreover, the same questionnaire will be provided to all respondents; however, the chance of repeatability is high. In collecting the data, I will collect the data from the Singapore women who are aged between 22 and 32. Moreover, the problem in this research study is the low birth rate in Singapore and the young women can give the answer correctly. I have to study the community in order to target the women of this age. In Singapore, more than 71% women are over 25 years of age and women comprise 59% of the labour force. However, it would not be possible for me to study to a lot of women situated in the Singapore. I will provide a notice on social media community page (Facebook) about my survey. Interested women will provide their feedback on my survey topic. I will ask them about the emails after showing my consent letter of the university. I will email them m y survey questionnaire and ask them to fulfil all the requirements with their names if they want to. It is not possible for me to focus on specific part of Singapore as I may lose some valid points about the low birth rate in Singapore. In this study, the independent variables are TFR and high cost of living and women consent. These independent variables will be linked up with the dependent variables. As stated by Palinkas et al. (2015), quantitative research design is helpful for a study to gather the knowledge on generalising concept and the researcher can use the tools like computer software and a statistical tool to analyse the data. I am going to use SPSS, a statistical analysis in order to analyse the data collected from the survey. The findings of the study will be presented in tables and excel-bar graphs. The findings of the study will be reviewed by using literature review findings. The population of the study is the women between 22 and 32 ages in Singapore. However, the sampling will be larger for this study as almost 75% of women in Singapore are above 25 years of age. In order to simplify the study, the researcher will reach the sample through Facebook community page. It is not possible for me to reach this large number of population and Facebook will help me to reach such population. I will aim to collect the responses at least from 150 women from Singapore. Therefore, the chosen sample will be 150 (N= 150). This sample will help me to collect the data about the reasons and consequences of low birth rate in Singapore. I will be selecting the sample through simple random sampling technique. Simple random sampling helps the researcher to use a subset of the statistical population through which each of the members of the subset has an equal probability of being selected (Silverman, 2016). There are numerous women who belong to the age from 22 to 32; however, I will choose the sampling through simple random sampling. One criterion of the respondent will be that the respondent has to answer all 15 questions. Population Sample Size Criterion Sampling technique Sample Frame Singapore women aged between 22 and 32 150 Must provide all 15 responses Simple random sampling Facebook Community page, Through e-mail Table 2: Sampling in Quantitative Research design (Source: Self-develop) Measurement of variables can be done through the Nominal and Ordinal sale of measurement. The nominal level of measurement is a classification that can describe the nature of data within the values assigned to variables (Panneleselvam, 2014). I will take nominal reliability technique that will help me to differentiate the data between subjects and items. Examples of nominal classification can be a genre, gender, style and biological species. I will also take the ordinal scale that would allow me to take ordinal data with a rank order. I will sort the data by relevance in order, 1st, 2nd and 3rd. Moreover, mean and median values of the data need to take into account in order to allow the measurement of central tendency. As stated by Smith (2015), the nominal level of measurement is discrete categories, whereas, the ordinal scale can be made rank in order. Reliability can be improved through defining and constructing the measure clearly. Moreover, I am going to use two measures that wo uld help me to capture much construct. Multiple measures are more stable than one measure of reliability. I am going to use pilot testing of my study in order to ensure the reliability of the subject and questionnaire. As opined by Taylor, Bogdan DeVault (2015), pilot testing is a small-scale trial. I will send 5 subjective close-ended questions to 15 women who are interested in opening their views. From the pilot testing, I will understand what kind of issues that the women would face in providing their reviews. I will change the frame and wording of the questions if needed. Invalidity of the research, I will use content validity. According to Neuman (2014), content validity refers to measure all aspects of definition that construct's definition. Using multiple measures in reliability can also improve the content validity. Combining multiple measures can help the researcher in capturing the definition of the construct as this is more holistic and constructive. This study will focus on low Total Fertility Rate and this study would highlight the procreation pattern and transform marriage of the women in Singapore. My approach of the study will be sociological as well as structural-environmental approach. I will identify the macro factors of low Total Fertility Rate and its consequences of this. I assume that qualitative research data will bring out the significance of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore. They can bring out the reasons behind the low birth rate among women. The main reasons can be a different lifestyle, lack of responsibility and easy access to birth control facility. Moreover, the study can bring out the women's perspectives in low birth rate as quantitative analysis will highlight on reasons of women not giving birth to a child. The career-centric women and the independent women are not interested in bearing children. The doctors in the qualitative research design will highlight the consequences of the low birth rate in S ingapore. This study would bring out the influence factors that impact on women, paid work and formal education, determinants of policies and time allocation of women in family matters. This study will bring out the changes in the social environment that have come from capitalist enterprises. Economic driven factors are important as the women try to establish as valued employees rather than giving birth to a child in the house. For a woman, each hour spent away from the work means the potential loss of a woman. In the Singapore context, over parenting and overwork are not issues, however, small geographic expanse can be another issue with dominant ideologies. Singapore government can start pro-nationalist policies in order to entice the individuals to get married and have a child. Limitations of the study can be the time constant as I hardly have time to put in order to carry out such vast topic. Another limitation can be budgetary constant as I do not have enough budget to carry out such topic. In this scenario, I have to manage two types of data collection and I have to analyse both types of data with reliability and validity. Handling a large amount of data will be another issue for me. Moreover, I am going to choose only 150 sample for the quantitative research, this sample is quite small. If I would have enough time, I could have chosen large sampling. That would help me to have an exact result for this topic. Reference List Cheung, P. P. (2010). Micro-consequences of low fertility in Singapore.Asia-Pacific Population Journal,5(4), 35-46. Clemence, A., Doise, W. Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., (2014).The quantitative analysis of social representations. Abingdon: Routledge. Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E. Sonenshein, S., (2016). Grand challenges and inductive methods: Rigor without rigour mortis. Academy of Management Journal,59(4), 1113-1123. Flick, U., (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. London: Sage. Jones, G. W. (2007). Delayed marriage and very low fertility in Pacific Asia.Population and Development Review,33(3), 453-478. Knobe, J. and Nichols, S. eds., (2013).Experimental philosophy (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon: Routledge. Nargund, G. (2009). Declining birth rate in Developed Countries: A radical policy re-think is required.Facts, views vision in ObGyn,1(3), 191-193 Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition. Pearson Education Limited: UK. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., (2014).Basics of social research. Vancouver: Pearson Canada. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. Hoagwood, K., (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 533-544. Panneerselvam, R., (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. ed., (2016).Qualitative research. London: Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London: Sage. Straughan, P. T. (2013). Delayed Marriage and Ultra Low Fertility in Singapore-The Confounding Challenges to Social Stability.CSC-IPS The Population Conundrum-Roundtable on Singapores Demographic Challenges,3, 1-20 Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. DeVault, M., (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Obesity in Black American Women Essay Sample free essay sample

Culture. Biology and Lifestyle Cause Forty Nine Percent of Black American Women to be Corpulent Abstract. Obesity is a major factor in wellness today. Certain cultural groups and genders suffer from fleshiness more than others. Around 49 % of all Black American adult females are classified corpulent today. There are many grounds for this. But the three the Black American adult females are susceptible to are civilization. life style and biological science. Forty nine per centum of Black American adult females are corpulent. This is an over representation compared to 38 % of Latina adult females and 33 % of non-Hispanic white adult females. ( Phelan. Johnson. Wesley ) . Many factors determine a person’s weight and wellness position. Economicss. life style. diet. civilization. biological science and society all affect a person’s organic structure size and composing. Culture. biological science and life style have the largest impact on why Black American adult females are corpulent. Health. economic and social deductions of fleshiness are overpowering and affect every individual in this state. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Black American Women Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The medical community defines fleshiness as holding a Body Mass Index ( BMI ) of 30 or greater. BMI is merely a comparing of weight to tallness. The existent expression is weight in kgs divided by tallness in metres squared. A BMI of greater than 25 but less than 30 is considered fleshy and a BMI of greater than 40 is considered morbidly corpulent. BMI is a comparing of weight to height. non fat to height. BMI is a utile tool for most of the population. but does non work good for to a great extent muscled people. such as organic structure builders. Fat is damaging to wellness. Muscle is non. The general population knows that fleshiness causes diabetes and bosom jobs. But fleshiness is much more terrible than that. Obesity causes wellness jobs that many find oculus gap. Obesity causes hardening of the arterias. increased cholesterin and cardiac failure. In add-on to damaging the bosom and arterias obesity causes malignant neoplastic disease. Twenty per centum of all malignant neoplastic disease related deceases in adult females are attributed to fleshiness ( Dixon ) . Fifty per centum of all Type II diabetes patients are corpulent. ( Dixon ) . Obesity is associated with increased hazard of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease ( Kogiso. Moriyoshi and Nagahara ) . Obesity causes many more non so good known. but still really refering wellness issues. Thirty one per centum of all arthritis patients are corpulent. ( Dixon ) . Sixty three per centum of adult females who suffer from degenerative arthritis are corpulent ( Dixon ) . Corpulent adult females show a 37 % increased hazard of depression ( Stunkard ) . Fleshiness can do sterility and gestation complications ( Phelan. Edelman ) . It even can cut down the effectivity of birth control. Corpulent people are three times more disposed to endure from sleep apnea ( Visscher. Seidell ) . And for the existent shocker. 300. 000 deceases per twelvemonth in the United States entirely are attributed to fleshiness! Fleshiness is merely 2nd to smoking in preventable deceases per twelvemonth in the US. ( Visscher. Seidell ) . The grounds about half of all Black adult females in the US are corpulent are complex and many. We can indicate our finger at economic sciences. life style. society. biological science. diet. civilization. Culture. life style and biological science are the primary grounds 49 % of Black adult females in the US are corpulent. Surveies have shown that civilization can hold a profound consequence on organic structure size. Several surveies have found that the Black American population has a penchant for larger organic structure size ( Johnson ) . Portia Johnson. in her article. Scholarly Positions on Obesity in Black American Women. references a 2002 survey that shows that African American work forces prefer African American adult females with a larger organic structure size. The same writer besides cites a 2006 survey that shows that African American adult females â€Å"describe a theoretical account of wellness that speaks to the Black women’s cultural belief that a larger organic structure size is ideal† ( Johnson ) . African adult females besides have a penchant for larger organic structures. A 2006 survey on cultural Zulus. Zulu migrators to London. and Anglo Londoners show a penchant for larger organic structure size by the Zulu migrators and the cultural Zulus ( Brewis 88 ) . Each participant in were shown grey scale images of adult females of known BMI. The participants were asked to take which image represented the most healthy and attractive organic structure. The Anglo Londoners chose a BMI size of 20. the cultural Zulus chose BMI 26 and the migratory Zulus chose a BMI of 24. Dr. James Kirby and co-workers made the interesting find that merely populating in a community with 25 % or more non-Hispanic inkinesss increases 1s leaning of being overweight ( Kirby et al ) . Similarly Dr. Kirby discovered that life in a community of 25 % or more Asians decreases a person’s leaning of being overweight ( Kirby et al ) . Kirby surmises this is due to the handiness of healthy nutrient. Parkss. pavements and diversion installations in each community. Kirby found that a predomination of black Americans live in communities with fewer recreational installations. gyms. Parkss and fewer picks of healthy nutrient than other ethnicities. The same survey besides found more fast nutrient eating houses and convenience nutrient shops in predominately black and Latino American communities. Possibly the most convincing grounds is in the words of African American adult females. In her article ‘Voices from the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles’ Jill Rowe interviewed African American adult females on healthy life styles and nutrient picks. One adult female explains eating in African American civilization as: It’s about like every individual in my household has something they cook existent good and I don’t want to ache anybody’s feelings. When you go to your mama’s house. I’ve ever gone to the icebox. That’s how African Americans show their love. From the birthday parties. to when you have company. My household. when we’re happy we eat. When we’re sad. we eat. We eat when we’re married. we eat when we’re born. we eat when we die. It’s ever. who’s conveying the fried poulet and lb bar. ( Rowe ) Culture can significantly impact a person’s weight. But we should besides be cognizant that biological science can impact weight excessively. Research workers have found that Black American adult females have a lower Resting Metabolic Rate ( RMR ) . RMR is the rate at which energy ( Calories ) are metabolized to maintain variety meats working at remainder. Black American adult females have a lower RMR than white or Latino adult females. This means they burn fewer Calories throughout the twenty-four hours and map more expeditiously than white Americans doing it harder to lose weight ( Johnson ) . A 1996 survey found that the Resting Energy Expenditure ( REE ) of black American adult females was lower than for Caucasic American adult females. The research workers measured the REE of each participant and found that the Black adult females had a REE of 1790 Calories per twenty-four hours at remainder. while the Caucasic adult females had an REE of 1949 Calories per twenty-four hours at remainder. Simply put this means that Caucasic adult females burn. on norm. 250 more Calories per twenty-four hours at remainder than Black American adult females do. This makes it harder for black adult females to lose weight ( Johnson ) . Research workers have besides discovered that Black Americans have an over look of fatty acerb conveyance protein. This means that more fat is delivered to flesh out storage cells doing it easier for Black Americans to hive away fat than white Americans ( Barakat ) . Research workers have measured and found more upper organic structure fat in Black Women compared to white adult females. A larger below the skin degree ( hypodermic ) fat degree was found in Black Women as compared to white American adult fem ales ( Conway ) . Diet and exercising are portion of a persons’ life style and both have a important impact on weight and wellness. Several surveies have proven that Black Americans eat more sugared nutrients as compared to European Americans. Portia Johnson and co-workers cite a 2000 survey on penchant for sweet nutrient amongst African Americans and European Americans. The survey offered gustatory sensation trials to each cultural group and compared how each group responded to Sweets. The research workers discovered that Black Americans ate more of the sweetened nutrients offered at assorted intervals during a gustatory sensation trial ( Johnson ) . They conclude that African Americans could be utilizing a sweetened nutrient to counterbalance for greater sensed emphasis doing greater weight addition and fleshiness. Angelia Paschal and co-workers examined the consequences of a survey on self-reported diet and exercise wonts of African American work forces and adult females. They found that 55-75 % of the adult females in their survey seldom exercising. They besides found that 76 % of all participants did non eat the minimal day-to-day demands for fruit and less than half met the lower limit demands for veggies. Not surprisingly this survey reports that 62 % of participants were diagnosed with high blood pressure and 14 % were diagnosed with elevated blood sugar degrees and/or diabetes ( Paschal et al ) . A survey that compared fittingness of Latina American adult females to Blacken American adult females found similar consequences. â€Å"More than one-half of the adult females reported prosecuting in no regular physical activity. However. the significant variableness in the figure of proceedingss exercised per hebdomad points to the demand to look into methods to heighten the continuance of physical activity. † ( Sanchez-Johnsen et Al ) . Genesis. a church based wellness and fitness plan aimed at Black Americans. found that many of the participants did non correlate fleshiness with hapless wellness. The participants in Genesis completed a self-reported study where merely 16 % indicated they were corpulent. but when clinically measured 87 % were found to be fleshy or corpulent. This indicates that participants failed to link extra weight with medical hazard. perchance due to cultural conditioning. personal denial or non tie ining organic structure weight with wellness hazard ( Cowart et Al ) . It is non all somberness and day of reckoning for adult females of colour in the US. Culture. biological science and life style are all things that can be changed or at least worked with to lose weight and addition fittingness. There are several plans in this state aimed at overall fittingness for Black American adult females. The Genesis plan has worked with black Americans through churches and found this combination really successful. Genesis provided wellness and diet instruction. exercising prescriptions and a motive spouse. Some of their successes include a 71 % less soda ingestion. fried meat ingestion was reduced from 91 % to 55 % . The per centum of respondents describing no exercising at all went from 45 % at the start of the plan to 27 % on the station pilot study ( Cowart et Al ) . Merely as diet. life style and civilization can be changed so can biology. Resting Metabolic Rate ( RMR ) can be raised by obtaining a leaner organic structure mass as musculus is more active than fat. Witherss and co-workers have proved this with a survey conducted on 49-70 twelvemonth old adult females. Their survey has found that aerophilic preparation in older adult females increases RMR. They compared active adult females to non-active adult females and found that the active adult females had a significantly higher RMR. Having a organic structure composing of more thin mass to flesh out mass greatly has â€Å"implications for increased independency and improved quality of life. † ( Withers et Al ) . Black American adult females have particular challenges and considerations in weight loss and fittingness. They face a civilization that encourages eating and appreciates big organic structure size. a more efficient metabolic system that uses fewer Calories at remainder. a leaning for their organic structures to hive away fat. and a lifestyle that makes diet and exercising hard. Yet cognizing these challenges is half the conflict. With cognition. the support of the community and their household. and committedness they can get the better of these challenges and make a end of life-time fittingness and wellness. Plants CitedBarakat. HA. â€Å"Obesity ; Overexpression of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins MayContribute to Obesity in Black Women. † Science Letter. 7 Feb 2006. 1218. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Brewis. Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. ( 2011 ) . Print. Conway. Joan. â€Å"Ethnicity and Energy Stores† . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62. 5. Nov 1995. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Cowart. Luvenia. et Al. â€Å"Designing and Pilot-Testing a Church-Based Community Program to Reduce Obesity among African Americans. † ABNF Journal. 21. 1. ( 2010 ) . 4-10. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Dixon. John. â€Å"The Effect of Obesity on Health Outcomes. † Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol. 316. Issue 2. 25 Mar 10. 104-108. Endocrine Aspects of Obesity. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Edelman. Allison. â€Å"Special Feature: Do We Have a Problem? Obesity and Contraception. † OB GYN Clinical Alert. Dec 2011. n. pag. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Johnson. Portia ; Yvonne Wesley. â€Å"Scholarly Positions on Obesity among Black Women. † ABNF Journal. 23. 3. ( 2012 ) . 46-50. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kirby. James. et. Al. â€Å"Race. Topographic point. and Fleshiness: The Complex Relationships among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition. Individual Race/Ethnicity. and Obesity in the United States. † American Journal of Public Health. 102. 8. Aug 2012. 1572-1578. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kogiso. Tomomi. et Al. â€Å"Clinical Significance with Fatty Liver Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. † Hepatology Research. Vol. 37. Issue 9. Sep 2007. 711-721. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Paschal. Angelia. et Al. â€Å"Baseline Appraisal of the Heath Status and Health Behaviors of African American Participating in the Activities for Life Program: A Community Based Health Intervention Program. † Journal of Community Health. 29. 4. Aug 2004. 305-318. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Phelan. Sharon. â€Å"Obesity in the American Population: Kilogra m calories. Cost and Culture. † American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 203. Issue 6. Dec 2010. 522–524. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Rowe. Jill. â€Å"Voices From the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles. † Health Education and Behavior. Vol. 37. Dec 2010. 789-800. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Sanchez-Johnsen. Lisa. et Al. â€Å"Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Obesity between Latin-American and Black Women. † Obesity Research. 12. 4. Apr 2004. 652-660. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Stunkard. Albert. â€Å"Depression and Obesity. † Biological Psychology. Vol. 54 Issue 3. 1 Aug 2003. 330-337. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Visscher. Tommy. Jacob Seidell. â€Å"The Public Health Impact of Obesity. † Annual Review of Public Health. ( 2001 ) .355-375. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Witherss. RT. et Al. â€Å"Energy Metabolism in Sedentary and Active 49- to 70-yr-old Women. † Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 84. Apr 1998. 1333-1340. Web. 18 Feb 2013. BibliographyBrewis. Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. ( 2011 ) . Print.Brewis’ book is a must read for anyone perusal. researching or working in wellness. weight direction or fittingness. The writer takes a expression at fleshiness from an anthropologist’s point of view. Where did fleshiness originate? How does if consequence certain races/genders more than others? These are some of the inquiries answered. The writer has lived in different civilizations and worked with different ethnicities obtaining replies to some of the enigmas environing weight addition. She has uncovered grounds why fleshiness is prevailing in the United States and other states. And discusses why some ethnicities are more vulnerable to burden addition after migrating to the United States or other developed states. The writer has studied the civilization of the Pima Indians of both the US and Mexico and explains why fleshiness affects the US Pimas more than the Mexican Pimas. Brewis besides explains why some ethnicities find larger organic structure weigh acceptable and why some ethnicities have larger males than females and why they find this absolutely normal. Biagioli. Brian. Advanced Concepts of Personal Training. National Council on Strength and Fitness. ( 2007 ) . Print. This book was by a medical physician. This manual is applicable to anyone interested in larning more about physical fittingness. nutrition. physiology. organic structure composing and exercising mechanics. It is the National Council on Strength and Fitness’ usher for all their certified personal trainer campaigners. The manual contains 540 pages with many illustrations explicating fleshiness. Resting Metabolic Rate ( RMR ) . Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and physiology. This manual includes chapters on particular populations such as adult females. kids and particular needs persons. HBO The Weight of the Nation. HBO Documentary Films ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; National Institute of Health. Et Al. Assorted actors/directors. ( 2007 ) . DVD. This is a four portion docudrama on fleshiness in America. Each portion is about one hr long. The parts consist of effects. picks. kids in crisis and challenges. The movies explore why the United States is confronting an fleshiness crisis. and what we can make about it now. Assorted wellness experts narrate the movies. Interviews are conducted with a host of citizens covering with fleshiness right now. They tell in their ain words the challenges they face. There is important commentary and interview on ethnicities. females. citizens populating in interior metropoliss and the issues environing fleshiness and weight addition. The Skinny on Obesity. Perf. Robert Lustig et Al. UCTV Prime. 12 Apr. 2012. Web Video. This picture series plays on UCSF Prime TV online. Dr. Robert Lustig is endocrinal expert at the UCSF Children’s Hospital. This is a seven portion series that tackles the rudimentss of the fleshiness epidemic such as sugar. endocrines. fast nutrient. childhood fleshiness. and endocrinal system. Each portion is about 15 proceedingss long. Merely a basic apprehension of wellness and physiology is needed to to the full understand constructs presented. Platkin. Charles. The Automatic Diet. New York. Penguin. 2005. Print. This book discusses how to slowly better your diet over clip with little alterations. Dr. Platkin holds a maestro of public wellness and is one of the nation’s taking public wellness advocators. He writes The Diet Detective. a syndicated article that appears in 100s of newspapers throughout the state. His book takes the reader through little stairss of diet and lifestyle alterations that together make a whole new diet makeover doing healthful eating simple and therefore ‘automatic’ .